Problems That Families Face in Canada Essay

Introduction A Family is a group of people who resides in a household, which consists of several different types of families. Most problems such as divorce, abuse, alcohol or drug related problems and child abuse usually are the main dilemmas faced by Canadian families. If these problems keeps reoccurring to families in Canada the question we will have to ask ourselves will families keep on rapidly decreasing because of these present problems faced by Canadian families? In my opinion that’s why I wanted to embrace this topic because if these problems continue in the society we actually see a great change in the family structure in Canada. Also I want to touch on how child related such as adoption, teenage pregnancy and other problems are major issue of why there is a negative in change in the family structure. Usually in cases like these in terms of family problems I would not go off my own assumption I would also obtain perspectives from the Functionalist, Conflict. Feminist and Interacti onists Types of Families We realize that a family is relationship in where live together with a commitment to form an economic unit consider the group of critical to their identity and other reasons. Certain types of families would be Kinship A social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption is the basis of family structure. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The extended Family A unit compasses of relatives in addition to parents and children all of who live in the same household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The nuclear Family Then we see after the years when industrialization was that nuclear family was created This is basically a unit is composed of one or two parents and his/ her / their dependent who live apart from the relative. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Single parent family A family that only has one parent running the household. Most of them in Canada being the female running the household and becoming the breadwinner. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Perspective on the changing family In each social problem we realized that couldn’t lean to our understanding of why certain problems are happening in the society we must definitely include the opinion from the sociological aspects from the Interactionist, Feminist, Conflict and Functionalist. Basically from the Interactionist point of view is that communication is an important part of understanding family roles which each member play in the household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) They basically analyzed how each member of the family act out their roles and react to the parts played by others so we see that the family tend to develop through interactions between each other. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) What the interactionists are saying that most problems in the families are cause by women becoming more individualized and society emphasizing romantic love, which is mainly as unrealistic expectations. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) From the feminist theory they believed that males are more dominant than female way before capitalism and ownership of properties became an economic system. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) In more studies of the feminist they said that men labeled themselves as the â€Å" bread winners† because they are the superiors and woman were the inferior ones. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also because of this inequality this lead to spousal abuse in terms the rates of spousal homicide has decreased but as of course female deaths higher are than males concerning this fact. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also the conflict theorists think the same as the feminist what they think is that families are basically sources of social inequality and conflict over values and access to resources. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also one of the main reasons is that conflict theorist say that women and children are basically owned by the male figure and they are almost like factory workers. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) From the functionalist perspective they basically stress the importance of family and maintaining stability of the society and the well being of people. They are saying that family sort bring an identity to an individual such as providing economic and psychological support, providing a social status for that member and socializing and educating children. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Child related Problems Child related problems in Canada is one of ways of why probably families change in some way as you can see these related can harmful effects on kids on the society today. We see certain problems of why certain kids have a certain negative behaviors because these certain dilemmas can bring on depression and anxious behaviors, also some problems such as maybe adoption and abuse can prevent a child from healing from stress related depressions I feel these play a part in the way kids behave and they way family structure shaken up to some of these child related problems. Parental Absence in this situation that can change a family structure. In certain parts of Canada it shown mostly mothers were more present because analyst proved that 78% of the woman that were married and living with a partner but 22% of the family were taken care by women of most of the time but Canada does have some, but not too many homes, where the dad is the only parent in the house. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, S tack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010) I feel that most families need two parents in the home because a dad would provide financial support, security and in my case lectures and lessons and you would need a mother for TLC (tender loving care). In which the child miss any of these growing up the child might be missing certain values in life for example: if a son grew without a dad you see that sometimes the boy might grow up sort of â€Å"soft† because there was no manly figure present. Adoption is definitely one of the related problems to a child. Adoption is a legal process through which the rights and duties of parenting are transferred from a child’s biological and/or legal parents to new legal parents. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) It is a present problem because the hardest to do as family who adopted a child is actually breaking the news to the kid that not that kids real parents and that can be very frustrating for a young child. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 201 0) Another big problem would also be drug/ alcohol abuse. We see that in the society that many young kids our experiencing drugs at a early age such as marijuana and mainly alcohol substances. These drugs if taken at a early can maybe affect the child either physically or mentally. Kids that basically do drugs and alcohol at a constant mainly has poor averages in school and they tend get into a lot of trouble this is where in terms the parenting comes in to play about parents teaching kids not do drugs. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010) In Canada One of the huge issues are mainly teen pregnancies. Over the years teen pregnancy has grown tremendously in the ranks and most pregnancies happen to teenage girls in bigger cities such as Halifax, Quebec and Newfoundland. We see that teen pregnancy bring out two themes which is poverty and lack of employment opportunity because according to social analyst teenage mother are unskilled at parenting and mostly to drop out of school and mainly not having enough social support. . (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Parent related Problem In facing social problems we have to realize not only children face problems but also adults face many problems as the leaders of the household. Domestic violence basically more mothers and kids face this problem because they are mostly the victims. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Mother are mostly hurt injured, raped or assaulted by their husbands or somebody else and also the kids can be affected by this as well. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Spousal violence is a part of Domestic violence where the man brings violence towards his wife in certain cases she can end up in hospital or even dead because most of the percentages are women. Men are less likely to be victims of spousal violence. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Divorce is another problem that parents may go through, Divorce is a legal process of dissolving marriage which permits the former spouse to remarry if choose to do so. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The reason divorce sometimes is fro many such as religion for example: your lover is probably an atheist and you believe in God so that leads to some sort confusion and divorce can happen through status of job where the women in a dual earner home makes more than husband that can lead to some huge confusion and divorce. Final thoughts In my final thought I believe that most of these issues that change the family structure such as teen pregnancy divorce and alcohol and drug related issues is, in my opinion, mainly caused by poverty. In Canada we have a lot social classes upper, middle and lower class but in terms of poverty we have two types of poverty which is Absolute and relative poverty in where absolute poverty is when a family doesn’t have the income to provide the basic human necessities such as food water and shelter. Relative poverty is almost the middle class family who can definitely afford the basic needs but they cannot afford all menial things for their children such as education and insurance. Also from poverty children is being malnourished because they should be eating healthier because families that are not financially strong purchase unhealthier foods. Also another stress for parents because they could not get certain jobs because they lacked higher education from their earlier days they have to take low entry jobs with low benefits. I have experienced poverty as a child a growing up as adolescent when I moved into in grandmother’s neighborhood it was the worst neighborhood. My brothers and I were surrounded by drugs, poverty and bad friends also we suffered child abuse where my grandmother would just beat us sometimes just for going out side but here in Canada you can arrest your parents for disciplining but not where I was from you just took beating and move on. I felt my brothers and I experienced a lot of social problems mainly because of poverty I felt if we where better financial wise I think our lives a whole lot better. Bibliography Kendall, Diana., Vicki L. Nygaard and Edward G. Thompson 2011 . Social Problems in a Diverse Society. 3rd Canadian edition. This was our textbook for this year the writer basically explained social problems that people face in Canada Dufour, Sarah, Marie- Eve Clement, Claire Chamberland and Diane Dubeau 2011 â€Å"Child Abuse Disciplinary Context: A Typology of Family.† Journal of Family Violence The objectives of this study were to identify and validate types of violent family environments based on child abuse in a disciplinary context. The study is original in that it simultaneously takes into account the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of the parental role as it relates to the degree of family violence in a child’s life. Serbin, Lisa A., Caroline E. Temchiff, Jessica M. Cooperman, Dale M. Stack, Jane Ledingham. Alex E. Schwatzman 2010. Predicting family and other disadvantage conditions for child rearing from childhood aggression and social withdrawal: A30 year longitudinal study

Feedback: What can go wrong? Essay

When identifying a problem in the performance appraisal process, managers need to focus on the employee rather than on the performance (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, & and Cardy, 2010, p. 218). Focusing on the employee’s development helps keep a sense of objectivity. If the manager focuses on the performance, instead of on the employee development, the employee may become defensive. If this happens, the effectiveness of the feedback will decrease because the employee may become self conscious. It’s better to direct feedback toward skill improvement rather than toward the employee performance. Encourage the employee to discuss their feeling and ideas about the problem. If the employee feels they are not a part of the discussion and that they are just being lectured to, the feedback may not be taken as seriously. Getting the employee actively involved in the feedback process helps ensure they take an active role in the process. In addition, making sure to accurately define the problem helps in developing a solution. If the problem is not accurately identified and defined, then the right solution will be very difficult to determine. Furthermore, if the feedback from the manager is vague or wishy-washy, the employee may not understand what the manager is trying to say. This miscommunication can diminish the effectiveness of the appraisal process. Make sure to plainly state the problem and be clear about the desired solution. A performance appraiser may not identify what you are doing well as an employee. As a result, her feedback to you highlights your flaws. You may feel that no matter what you do, your employer cannot be pleased. If you receive a performance appraisal with feedback describing your faults. In addition, make sure to communicate to the employee that they are in control of their solution. If the employee feels empowered, they will be more active in fixing any performance problems they are faced with. If they don’t feel empowered, they may not understand that the solution to the problem is in their hands. Managers need to help employees understand they are accountable for solving their performance problem with the help of the manager. The pre-appraisal checklist and preparing for the appraisal. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/performance-management/cycle/assessment/tips/supervisors/checklist-prep Paulding, B. (2012, 04 09). Performance appraisals: Post-appraisal activities. Retrieved from http:http://human-resources-payroll.knoji.com/performance-appraisals-postappraisal-activities/

Planning Personal Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning Personal Finance - Essay Example anced understanding with respect to the manner through which personal financial decision-making is affected as well as the tactics and tools that can and should be integrated with at each and every stage of the financial planning cycle of the individual investor (Irving, 2012). Of all of the understandings that will be represented within this brief analysis, perhaps the most important is with respect to understanding the fact that the most relevant financial products that should be considered at every stage of life are neither uniform nor static. What is meant by this is that the changes in the overall financial outlook of the individual investor, the changes in career, the changes in wealth, the changes in savings, the focus upon different aspects of resources, and the manner through which all of these focuses evolve throughout the lifetime of the individual investor. The first and most obvious stage of the typical financial lifecycle of an individual is with regards to early childhood. Within this particular stage, few if any resources exist for the individual to promote their own financial independence and the future. However, within this particular stage, the individual is presented with an understanding of the value of money and needs to which it can be earned, state, and instruments such as interest can be engaged as a means of maximizing the overall amount of money that the individual has. Rather than merely glossing over this particular stage of financial lifecycle development, it is extraordinarily important that stakeholders within society seeks to engender a level of understanding within young people of this demographic that money has been innate and tacit value that must be understood and appreciated. Moreover, by choosing to make wise financial decisions, the value and overall utility that the money can bring to the individual is also a tool that can be understood and utilized within this particular period of life (O’Neill, 2011). Whereas many

Children Whose Parents are Suffering from AIDS Essay

Children Whose Parents are Suffering from AIDS - Essay Example [International AIDS Society Communications Department (n.d)] AIDS is caused by a virus known as HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. When a human body is infected by HIV, it attacks upon the healthy cells of the body such as the white blood cells that function to keep us safe from different diseases. It thrives and multiplies in those cells weakening and damaging the white blood cells and ultimately, the human body as it loses its protection shield. [American Psychiatric Association (n.d)] The HIV virus can be transmitted when the HIV containing fluids of one person transfer to another person. Thus, HIV can be transferred through sex, by sharing needles, syringes (especially, while drug abuse as it is done with precaution) etc, and new born babies with infected mother can also get the virus. HIV virus, however, doesn't thrive in a medium outside of a human body so according to known researches, it is not possible to get infected through external mediums, such as air and water. It is also known that insects do not carry the virus. [American Psychiatric Association (n.d)] In our fast-paced world where cut-throat competition prevails, people... [American Psychiatric Association (n.d)] [International AIDS Society Communications Department (n.d)] MENTAL DISORDERS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILDREN In our fast-paced world where cut-throat competition prevails, people have seen a rise in the occurrence of emotional stress, distress and depression. However, people inflicted with a deadly disease such as AIDS are more prone to suffer from such mental disorders. The feeling of helplessness and depression is also because of the fact that most of the societies in our world have not learnt to accept people with AIDS. Certainly, it is not easy for them. This has, anyhow, proved to be more negative for patients with AIDS as they are not only going to be fight with a fatal disease for the rest of their lives but are also being treated as outcasts and aliens by their fellowmen. Even more worse is the fact that sometimes the virus itself make attack the brain cells which may result in a loss of memory among other things. [American Psychiatric Association (n.d)] "Every day, about 14000 new HIV infections occur everyday" [International AIDS Society Communications Department (n.d)] Looking at the vast and dismal number of people that are likely to get diagnosed with AIDS is not comforting. As AIDS have been publicized as an incurable disease, it doesn't come as a shock to know that most of the patients start suffering from depression. Depression, in its own right is a very harmful mental disorder. Its symptoms include loss of interest in daily activities, loss of sleep, appetite and weight. Considering that HIV weakens the immune system, if a patient also suffers from depression, it is unlikely that he is going to get any better as lack of sleep, appetite and diversions are going to adversely affect the immune system

Critically evaluate the consequences of the consumers increased Essay

Critically evaluate the consequences of the consumers increased expectation that news should be free for content producers, advertisers and consumers - Essay Example Appurtenant to the digital revolution has been the radicalisation of communication modes, with the inception of chat rooms, email, instant messaging and blogs. In turn these novel communication modes have reshaped social interaction in the contemporary social framework within the continuous movement towards global homogenous cultural paradigms and international business networks (Volmer & Precourt, 2008). Indeed, Volmer and Precourt (2008) refer to the comments of a 2007 interview with Nike vice president Trevor Edwards, who commented that â€Å"gone are the days of one shoe, one advertising campaign, Now you’ve got to engage consumers on every level† (In Vomer & Precourt, 2008, p.2). A prime example of one of these levels is the immediacy of the social network Twitter, which enables instantaneous connectivity with consumers. As such, Comm et al highlight that â€Å"businesses can harness the immediacy of Twitter to innovate and build relationships like never before† (2009, p.xiv). However, whilst the social networking phenomenon clearly enables businesses a much wider level of access to potential customers; the increase in networking and peer to peer information dissemination has led to an increased expectation that news and content should be free (Shimp, 2008; Gupta, 2009). Furthermore, the increase in consumer control has led to consumers wanting more information before purchasing and the availability of free information has led to an expectation of free content (Volmer & Precourt, 2008). Accordingly, the increased consumer control and expectation of certain content being free clearly impacts the traditional method of advertising and marketing as a result of changes in consumer expectation. For example, business leader and Squidoo creator Seth Godin refers to the fact that consumers are more likely to be

- Concept Mapping Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

- Concept Mapping - Coursework Example Students can be given one particular topic to brainstorm on a group. They would be given one topic such as comparing and contrasting travel by air and travel by car. Air travel would come on one side and car travel on the other. In the centre would be the common benefits of both. On the extreme sides would the dissimilar characters of each. Students can be taught or evaluated using a concept map, and the teacher would be able to assess whether the student has understood the intricacies of a topic. A student could be given a drawn concept map and the student would have to place each concept under the respective heading and link them up together so that they make a logical sense. This is a process by which the student can associate various ideas and link various concepts to prior knowledge. Educational theory and cognitive psychology strong prescribe visual learning for teaching students of various age groups During a classroom presentation for a presentation in global warming, the various effects of global warming can be placed as individual icons and all the subsequent effect of each of these effects can be further linked. For example a student, can study the link between global warming and how it causes a rise in volcanoes and earthquakes. It can be used to outline a work and break the topic into headings, subheadings and generating a report. In this way the thinking process of the student can be framed, and the student can be more structured and organized and presenting an analysis or information Before students conduct a critical analysis on any topic, they have to plan how the topic should be written. This could also be useful during an evaluation or exam, where the student does not have time to write a lot but has to plan how to outline the topic into a hierarchy of headings and subheadings. Before any assignment is given to each student in a classroom, the student could be asked to use this tool and come out with an

The Controversial Role of Women in Today's Time Research Paper

The Controversial Role of Women in Today's Time - Research Paper Example In the past, it was usual for women candidates to experience discrimination and unfairness by party leaders. These party elites refuse to employ women to compete for office, and they did not advocate women candidates (Thomas & Wilcox, 1998). Consequently, women experienced hardships in raising financial supports and in being respected as trustworthy candidates by the electorate and the mass media. Women in Politics: Past and Present Recent studies report that such inequities and discrimination has ebbed significantly. As stated by Georgia Duerst-Lahti, although women have been normally defeated by the men in elections in the past, it ceases to be the case nowadays (Thomas & Wilcox, 1998). As Barbara Burrell claims, in recent elections women have been more triumphant than men at all phases of the procedure from ‘early money through the general election’ (Thomas & Wilcox, 1998, 4). Negative responses of the electorate to women candidates have been reported as well. In the past, large numbers of voters believed that the place of women was not in politics (Carroll, 2003). Recent studies discover that women elected officials have mainly surmounted these barriers. According to Foerstel and Foerstel (1996), a significant percentage of the masses remain quite less sympathetic or accommodating of women candidates, but the percentage of citizens having this sentiment has decreased drastically, and although such sentiments remain they are frequently overpowered by incumbency status or party allegiance. Scholars studying fund-raising performances, voter preference, and party leaders’ treatment or perception of women candidates have assumed that when women compete for office, they win elections as frequently as their male counterparts do (Foerstel & Foerstel, 1996). Nevertheless, the removal of several barriers does not imply that men and women play on an even field. Barriers to the representational parity of women remain and contribute in the explanatio n of the relatively low proportions of women running for political positions (Rajoppi, 1993). These barriers comprise the rigidity of the incumbency aspect, media exposure of candidates, social qualification, electoral system, and socialization impacts. New Barriers to Women’s Political Participation Social qualifications relate to the expectations of the public about the eligibilities of those who are qualified contenders. Usually this involves specific job-related backgrounds, educational achievements, military involvement, and number and form of earlier political experiences, and so on (Carroll, 2003). Even though there has been a great deal of progress, women nowadays remain less probable than their male counterparts to occupy political positions from legal professions, for instance, and are more probable to have joined politics from women’s organizations or community assistance (Carroll, 2003). Thus, women may be perceived as less competent aspirants. Even though the impact of social qualifications have weakened later on, the gap in this aspect imply the women still confront bigger or new barriers to surmount to attain the same objectives. One implication of the conflicting qualifications and backgrounds is that women are less predisposed to view themselves as competent contenders for political positions (Thomas & Wilcox, 1998). The kind of socialization that encourages women to look for professions in law firms or business organizations also leads to their lower degree of self-esteem (Thomas & Wilcox,

Marketing managemnet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing managemnet - Essay Example Many companies seek success in various factors. These factors include: excellent information systems, qualified workforce, and modern technology all contribute to business success. Nevertheless, successful companies, such as Coca Cola Company, McDonald’s foods, Starbucks, and other renowned companies have had a similarity: they have a strong customer orientation programs and have heavily invested in marketing on their products and services. Marketing Management In essence, marketing consists of strategies and tactics that are used to identify, create and maintain satisfying relationships with customers that results in value increase for the companies and the customers. Successful companies dedicate efforts to sensing, serving and satisfying the needs of customers in the unique target markets. Companies like Apple have attained brand equity through constant innovation an excellent customer service. Moreover, Apple products are built on advanced communication technology and addi tional feature like email and messages capabilities, which have increased the level of customer satisfaction. Basically, the Apple Company has been able to implement technology, and innovation in all the marketing mix elements (Boone and Kurtz, 2010). Marketers should always understand that business revolves around the creation and delivery of value to customers. The customer value is said to be the variation between the customers’ value gained from owning and using the products and the cost of obtaining the products. Of importance to note is that successful marketing managements entails identifying the right market for the products and services and designing the appropriate marketing communication messages, which are tailored to the particular market and target customers (Green and Keegan, 2012). Elements of Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy of any company is composed of various elements, which interrelate. The main element is the market selection and the product pla nning, which basically involves the product line and the product offering of the target market. A company can either choose a single market strategy or multi market strategy. In single marketing strategy, the company will concentrate its efforts in servicing the single unique market segment while avoiding competition with the dominant players. In a multi marketing strategy, the company will serves several distinct markets hence the importance of carefully selecting the target markets which are viable. In a total marketing strategy, the company will offer differentiated products to different market segments; hence it should utilize the marketing variables such as price, promotion, products, as well as, the distribution strategies in competing effectively in the entire market (Haberberg and Rieple, 2008). The company should ensure that thorough scrutiny should be able to decide and take up on the best marketing strategy that ought to be used. For instance, the Apple Company has been a ble to anticipate and bear the market risks including the effective promotion of the Apple products such as iPods and phones. According to Hartline and Ferrell 2010, a company may also choose an early entry where it brings into the market a new segment after the market leaders hence the company should ensure that it uses superior marketing strategies and sufficient resources to compete with the market leader. A company could also choose a laggard entry strategy where it enters in the market through imitation of

The Annexation of Hawaii Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Annexation of Hawaii - Essay Example The process itself was rocky indeed, being ultimately accomplished only after years of international negotiation, domestic debate, and political maneuvering. The importance of the event was significant enough in its day, but it would prove even more important half a century later. The annexation of the territory that would eventually become the fiftieth state was far from easy. The events preceding the annexation of Hawaii were a mixture of economic and political dynamics that had been brewing for several decades. Those circumstances would ultimately be brought to a clear conclusion by the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. The economic background immediately preceding the debate over annexing Hawaii centered around one concept; free trade. Initially, "[t]he American approach to Hawaii, like that to China or to the Pacific coast of North America, was a matter of private enterprise, without government intervention" (Best & Johnson 79). As more American and foreign investment poured into Hawaii, however, it became clear that there would have to be some form of public policy steps taken to address the growing concerns regarding commerce, immigration, and the political ramifications in the Kingdom of Hawaii. One problem was that the American sugar industry had the protection of tariffs, and the Hawaiian economy was becoming more and more dependent on the American markets. This resulted in a natural confluence of interests pointing toward annexation, particularly after Hawaii was given a favored trade status. That said, however, "[t]here was no unified 'voice of business' calling for annexation, not even in Hawaii...and in the United States beet and cane sugar producers, some refiners, and others argued against incorporation of Hawaii into the union. It can probably be safely said that the great majority of American businessmen were quite indifferent to the admission of Hawaii..." (Best & Johnson 142). Politically, there was the ever-present debate between those who did not want to entangle the United States in matters beyond its immediate borders and those with a more expansionist view. This debate was one of the key reasons that annexation took so long to accomplish; having seen the first treaty efforts as early as 1854 and not ultimately accomplishing the goal until some forty-four years later. Charges of American imperialism were raised, against which the expansionists countered with the protection of strategic national interests. The debate was rhetorical and theoretical until one foreign policy event made everything important: The Spanish-American War. As Fletcher notes: Among these unresolved forces and policies, the Spanish-American War served as a kind of catalyst... Although the war was only indirectly brought about by Pacific or Far Eastern factors, it profoundly influenced developments in that part of the world through the largely unplanned American annexation of the Philippines... The war also led at once to the annexation of Hawaii..." (Pletcher 258) Considering the natural convergence of economic and political issues that had been building from early in the 19th Century, when the war broke out and America realized its vital interests in Asia were

Early Post Partum Haemorrhage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Early Post Partum Haemorrhage - Essay Example She was having one of the most serious complications of pregnancy known as post-partum hemorrhage(PPH). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006), hemorrhage, blood clot, high blood pressure, infection, stroke, amniotic fluid in the bloodstream and heart muscle disease are the leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths which sums up to 2-3 pregnancy-related deaths each day. Although deaths due to pregnancy complications have dramatically declined during the period of 1900-1982, the number of cases has ceased to show any decrease since then, which raises so much concern for the women of child bearing age. Furthermore, there seem to be a link between a woman’s race, ethnicity, country of birth, and age and her risk of dying of pregnancy complications. For example, African American women are four times as prone to pregnancy-related deaths as white women, and that, women aged 35-39 are three times at greater risk than women aged 20-24 years old. The risk goes up to five times for a woman aged 40 and above. Post-partum hemorrhage accounts for a high 17% of m ortality in women, and a case such as this would require a nurse/midwife with the proper knowledge and skills to address the situation and save the mother from an otherwise life-threatening situation. This paper is aimed at exploring the guidelines in the management of early post-partum hemorrhage and the treatments available for such condition. A woman in labor undergoes three different stages. The first stage is dilatation. It begins with the period of true labor contractions and ends with when the cervix is fully dilated. The first stage is further divided into three phases: the latent, the active and the transition phases. A regularly perceived uterine contraction marks the beginning of the latent phase. It ends when the rapid dilation of the cervix begins. In the active phase of labor, the cervix dilates

Current Scenario Essay Example for Free

Current Scenario Essay The only issue the company has to consider is the identification of the potential market and customers as the industry is already crowded with too many players. There are other factors which influence the expansion plans of the company which however can be mitigated with a careful planning and organizing the resources properly. With a view to assess the company’s capabilities to fight against the threats an analysis of the external factors employing an External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) was undertaken. The analysis revealed that the company possesses adequate strengths in the areas of quality customer service at competitive rates. However the company has to face a stiff competition from other players of the industry, the competitive package deals being offered by the cable companies and VoIP services being offered by software companies. The growth can also be obstructed by the governmental regulations in the US as well as the countries in which the company proposes to expand the services as well as the inadequacies of the infrastructure the company presently having. The analysis proved that despite these issues the company possesses adequate strengths to overcome these problems in the due course. Current Scenario The current scenario with respect to WDT’s past performance and other corporate policies and objectives are stated below: a. Past Corporate Performance, Sales, Profits and Markets: WDT has specialized in art of providing long distance calls at discounted rates and the products include the local telephone calls, long distance calls, internet, internet telephone and providing wireless service. The company has more than 100,000 customers presently. The company presently has offices at Niles, Illinois, Dallas, Texas, New York, Lublin and Poland. b. Mission The company’s mission statement as stated in their official website is: â€Å"World Discount Telecommunications’ mission is to satisfy communication needs of ethnic customers by striving to offer exceptional communication experience by providing services that are priced competitively, using reliable technological solutions and offering superior customer service, while creating a fun place to work and satisfaction for the stakeholders. † (WDT. com) c. Objectives The objective of the company is to expand the existing business by exploring the untapped markets both for traditional telephony service. This includes voluminous Asian markets like India and China and also the Central and South American markets which have more emerging economies presenting abundance of opportunities for business expansion. With the expertise already acquired in the area of discount telecommunicating options, the company strives to get exposure in these different geographical locations. Provision of VoIP facilities in the already established ethnic segments like East European Countries and Russia is considered as another important objective. d. Strategies Strategically instead of competing larger players in the domestic market on the VoIP segment where the competition is stiff and too many players are present, the company would opt for only the following strategic measures to achieve significant growth within a shorter period. A. Expansion of the traditional services to potential markets in the emerging economies of Asia and Central/South America and B. Expansion of VoIP services to already familiar ethnic markets and customers in East European countries and Russia. Policies The business policies of WDT are aligned to the mission and objectives. The major policy of the company is to provide superior customer service catering to ethnic customer groups. The company was formulating its business policies based on this broad policy and expanding to various ethnic markets by providing quality telecommunication services at affordable prices. With the rollout of VoIP WDT intends to extend the service to the Russian customers whom they are already serving with traditional telephone services.

World War IIs Influence on Mexicans Essay Example for Free

World War IIs Influence on Mexicans Essay It is without a doubt that World War II had a great impact on our nation as a whole. This is because the war required changes and sacrifices for most individuals and was viewed as one’s patriotic duty. As with any life changing event, there were bad and good consequences that were a direct result of World War II. Significant changes took place during World War II that directly affected Mexicans in the United States. Although there were some positive effects on a national level, most remembered are the negative ones that impacted the Mexican communities in Los Angeles, California. It is what became to be known as the Zoot Suit Riots. To understand the Mexican community’s point of view of their treatment during the riots, one first needs to know how the Mexican community became established in Los Angeles along with contributing factors that heightened the general public’s hatred towards them. World War II had drafted a large amount of young men that left jobs such as farm hand and factory labor unfilled. The Federal Government then started the Bracero Program that recruited and transported Mexican nationals to the United States to fill these positions. Many Mexican nationals had children while here in America and these children were Mexican-Americans. These youth had a hard time identifying with anyone and were looked at as degenerates. Adding to this viewpoint was the living conditions of their neighborhoods called barrios. The barrios popped up quickly near major employers and were known for dirt streets, small huts, no sanitation, no running water, or other city services. Since the youth were unable to establish themselves among other youth they formed their own groups called gangs. The gangs were formed by young men that shared common circumstances. This usually included their low social status, poor and overpopulated neighborhoods, minimal supervision by parents, and their little trust in or from the law. Typically they were looked at as disturbed youth. However, within their social system, their gangs were made up of a select membership and specific attire which Martinez 2 they viewed as first class. The attire they chose was the Zoot Suit which consisted of colorful long coats, baggy pants, a hat, a long key chain and thick soled shoes. Adverse views of Mexicans were on the rise during World War II. One contributing factor was the pro war posters placed for all to view. The posters encouraged community effort to support the war through gardening, carpooling, rationing and purchasing bonds. The people portrayed in these posters appeared to be of Caucasian descent while the enemies were portrayed with color and black hair. Suspicion of who to trust was also put in the public’s mind with a poster illustrating a woman with dark hair and eyes that had a grim stare. No doubt the color of people illustrated on the posters guided the public’s mind to believe that people of any color other than white were the enemy (Prater 2014). In addition, while the country was at war there was a constant fear and talk of spies and traitors among civilians. This fear led to the suspicion that secret agents of the enemy had successfully influenced the Mexican-American youth making them traitors. Of course signs posted at various locations around town stating things such as â€Å"No Mexicans† and â€Å"No Dogs, Mexicans, Negros† not only served as a reminder to Mexicans on how they were viewed, but also made the White people feel justified in their prejudice towards Mexicans. In August of 1942, teenagers from the 38th Street Gang were heading for a popular swimming hole called Sleepy Lagoon. Earlier two teenagers in that gang, Hank Leyvas and his girlfriend Dora, had been beaten by another neighborhood gang at the Sleepy Lagoon swimming hole. Although they had left after the fight, they were now returning with a large group of friends to look for their attackers to defend their honor. As they neared the swimming hole and found no one, they decided to go to a party that could be heard through the trees. They thought that they would find their attackers at this party. Although the fight that followed resembled a Martinez 3 classic teenager fight that lasted only ten minutes, the discovery of a dead body would change the lives of many Mexicans. When the dead body of Jose Diaz was found, six hundred Mexican-American youth were rounded up by the Los Angeles Police Department. This eventually led to twenty-two alleged members of the 38th Street Gang being accused of murder. On October 13, 1942 People v. Zamora went to trial and lasted through January 12, 1943 (Tovares 2002). One powerful tactic that amplified hatred towards Mexicans and eventually led to the enactment of the riots, was the information printed in the newspapers. Anytime a Mexican was arrested, it made the headlines and was used as a source to provoke the police to arrest more. Of course it didn’t help that these articles would be placed next to articles regarding Japan’s threatening actions in World War II which seemed to hint that the Mexican-American youth were a local threat. Tensions were further heightened when as many as 50,000 servicemen were on leave and flooded their Los Angeles playground. In Los Angeles they would seek booze, women and fights to have some fun. Many civilians endured the drunken Servicemen to show their support of the war and some did not. Unfortunately, most fights were instigated with Mexicans as they were the biggest minority group in Los Angeles. As animosity grew between the Servicemen and Mexican-American youth, so did the rumors. The rumors in the barrios said that Sailors were looking for Mexican girls while stories on military bases told of brutal retaliation enacted on soldiers who dared to associate with Mexican females. The consequence of all these factors exploded on May 31, 1943 when a group of servicemen passed a group of young Mexican-American boys. One serviceman thought he was going to be attacked and grabbed the arm of a young Mexican-American boy. The serviceman immediately fell to the ground unconscious from a strike on the head. The Zoot Suit Riots had Martinez 4 begun. On June 3, 1943, about fifty servicemen with homemade weapons headed downtown looking for â€Å"Zoot-Suiters†. They ended up in a Theater, turned on the lights and found 12 and 13 year old boys wearing Zoot Suits. The servicemen tore off their suits, clubbed the boys and set fire to the remains of their suits. Despite the fact that reports of the incident had reached the Armory Watch Commander, the servicemen about to be jailed were released without any charges. On both dates, the Servicemen were only focused on finding and attacking anyone wearing a Zoot Suit. However, subsequent riots on June 4, 5, 6, and 7 now included entire Mexican neighborhoods. They would storm into any public place within these neighborhoods and attack all Mexicans. Police did not attempt to stop any of the violence and the Military seemed to be cautious of potential negative press if the servicemen were arrested more than the violence they were committing. The press, on the other hand, would promote the riots on June 6 and 7 by publishing a warning that Zoot-Suiters were planning to retaliate. Not only did this ensure increased sales, but it also certified that a large crowd would be there for the show (Williams 1943, 818-820). The rioting was finally under some control when on the morning of June 8, Senior Military Officials announced that Los Angeles was off limits to Marines, Sailors and Soldiers (Zoot Suit Discovery Guide 2014). Although Mexicans endured much prejudice and persecution during World War II, there were some positive aspects that came as a result of their suffering that continued developing even after the war. The Office of War Information promised to furnish political information in Spanish. They also were going to inform English speakers of the contributions in war that Mexicans made. This would most likely include acknowledgement of the 350,000 Mexican-Americans that not only served in the Armed Forces, but won seventeen medals of honor. Also, Los Angeles County gave teachers of Mexican students a workshop so that they Martinez 5 could provide better assistance to them. Political organizations would now support Chicano candidates as well as assist Mexican’s with language and citizenship classes and help in obtaining government services. In conclusion, it would do our nation good if we all could remember and apply the words of Martin Luther King in his speech entitled â€Å"The Rising Tide of Racial Consciousness† on September 6, 1960. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Therefore, no American can afford to be apathetic about the problem of racial justice. It is a problem that meets every man at his front door. † (Jr. 1960) Martinez 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY Jr. , Martin Luther King. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Paper Project. September 6, 1960. http://mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu/primarydocuments/Vol5/6Sept1960_TheRisingT ideofRacialConsciousnessAddressattheGold. pdf (accessed April 7, 2014). Prater, Carrie. Module 8: World War II Powerpoint Presentation. San Jose, April 3, 2014. The Zoot Suit Riots. Directed by Joseph Tovares. 2002. Williams, Carey Mc. The Zoot-Suit Riots. The New Republic, June 21, 1943: 3. Zoot Suit Discovery Guide. 2014. http://research. pomona. edu/zootsuit/en/riots/ (accessed 4 7, 2014).

Customer Satisfaction Of People With Disabilities Tourism Essay

Customer Satisfaction Of People With Disabilities Tourism Essay Abstract Purpose of the paper: The aim of this paper is to address the potentiality, requirements and expectations of people with disabilities and its implication on customer satisfaction in hotels. Design/Methodology/Approach: This article is based on secondary data collection: journal articles, websites, textbooks, pamphlets on people with disability, customer satisfaction and hotel marketing. The methodology of this article is by analysing the people with disability as potential market segment to the hospitality industry and identifying approaches, that hotel could inculcate for better customer satisfaction. Findings: In the hotel sector people with disabilities are tend to be seen as a marginal segment with limited service options available, thus the motivation, experience and satisfaction is greatly affected. However, suggestions provided addressing this issue could enable hotels improve on customer service thus facilitating satisfaction. Research Limitations: This paper exclusively based on secondary data brings out limited outcomes and limits the findings and interpretation compared to primary research data collection. Practical Implication: Hotels catering to tourist with disabilities than just being compliant with the law can do more in order to increase satisfaction and loyalty. This article is useful to organisations to understand this market segment and help develop better service operations. What is original / value of paper? The paper addresses the issue of customer satisfaction focusing on particular tourist segment i.e. people with disability in hotels. The main target audience are hotel managers and employees desiring to understand and achieve customer satisfaction through services offered to tourist with disabilities and in-addition would help hotels aspiring to open doors to this niche market segment. Introduction Customer satisfaction is of utmost importance, often given high priority and frequently is of a matter of concern to managers, employees, marketers of hotel and hospitality service providers (Yuksel and Yuksel, 2001 and Oh and Parks, 1997). Hospitality industries such as hotels strive towards making guest feel more than welcome, provide customer service in such a manner that would satisfy, delight, and make guests come back. Hotels commonly serving non-disabled customers could take step ahead and provide customer service to older and disabled people by making services offered more than accessible, providing accurate information and assistance in a friendly manner, which would enable the industry to secure a more loyal niche growing clientele that remains not quite touched upon (ADA Business Connection, 2006). From the late 80s until early 90s researchers focused on, people with disability within the hospitality and tourism context, yet the study in this area lost impetus (Yau, McKercher and Packer, 2004). However recently Burnett and Baker (2001), Darcy (2002), Ray and Ryder (2003) and McKercher, Packer, Yau and Lam (2003), have recalled this area of study. Hence, research regarding People with disabilities in hospitality context is limited (Burnett and Baker, 2001; Darcy, 2002; Ray and Ryder, 2003 and Israeli, 2002). People with Disabilities are an emerging market segment, which is of interest, with approximately 50 million individuals and expected to double by 2030 (Stumbo and Pegg, 2005). Moreover, the growth of People with Disabilities would also comprise majorly of ageing senior citizens or ageing baby boomers and this market segment would gradually prove to be of importance for the continuing success of the travel and hospitality industry (Burnett and Baker, 2001). Hence, this article focuses on customer satisfaction of people with disabilities as holidaymakers in hotels, which is of importance in order to capture a loyal market not only from a business point of view but also as a responsibility towards society. Moreover, the impending 2012 Paralympics games would certainly witness large number of disabled players and an increase in arrivals of disabled tourist. If hotels wish to exploit the benefits from the disabled tourist, it would be of importance to provide an exceptionally satisfying welcoming experience that would capture a loyal market and ensure return in the future (Department for media culture and sport, 2007a). Thus, customer satisfaction of people with disabilities becomes all the more important. Review of Literature: Disability Defined: Disability under the UK Disability Discrimination Act is defined as a ‘physical or mental impairment, which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on a persons ability to carry out normal day to day activities (Office of Public Sector Information, 2009a, p.2). However, British Council of Disabled People defines disability as a ‘disadvantage or restriction of activity by a society, which takes little or no account of people who have impairments- that is caused by physical, mental or sensory condition; and thus excludes them from mainstream activity (Busby et al., 2000,p.3); ‘Thus, disabled people are with impairments disabled by society'(ibid). Types of disability would include people affected in mobility, manual dexterity, speech, hearing, eyesight, memory or ability to concentrate learn or understand, also people suffering from diabetes, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, HIV, cancer are some of the conditions considered under disability (Department for Work and Pension, 2006). Hence, people with disabilities are not a small group but varied and hotels to achieve customer satisfaction will have considered serving the needs of people with different disabilities. The implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act to an extent has drawn the attention of the hospitality sector towards People with disabilities and have gradually begun to identify them as profitable potential tourist (Shaw and Coles, 2004).The act enforces that service providers do not discriminate people with disabilities whilst providing service (Office of Public Sector Information, 2009b). Business or organisation that provides service, offer facilities or supply goods to public are liable to duties of the Disability Discrimination Act under Part III and this does include hotels (Department of Health, 1996). The duties of this act for the service providers were rolled from 1996 to 2004 in three stages. The main essence of the duties that were introduced in three stages were that service providers discriminating or treating people with disabilities less favourably than non disabled customers was unlawful. In addition, service providers had to make ‘reasonable adjustments for disabled customers such as providing extra help or making changes to the way service is provided and reasonable adjustment to make the premises barrier free (Disability Rights Commission, 2002). Reasonable changes as stated by the legislation could be one reason as to why service providers just tend to be compliant with law by providing minute alteration such as ramps and tend to do nothing more extensive. Prideaux and Roulstone (2009) express that despite of broad explanation expressing the vitality of accessibility to disabled, the representation of term ‘reasonable adjustment as stated in the UK Disability Discrimination Act legislation is still unclear and service providers tend to relive themselves from the responsibility of having extensive accessible service and facility. Customer satisfaction and its importance: Hospitality service providers use customer satisfaction as primary tool, as it helps retain customers, help reduce promotion cost intended to attract new customer since satisfied customers tend to return and aid in promotion of the property (Yuksel, 2001). This can also hold true for disabled tourist, as they tend to get loyal to providers that meet the needs, expectation and have facilities that are accessible, and would aid in promotion. Daniels, Rodgers and Wiggins (2005) establish that people with disabilities when loyal to accessible providers that cater to them, promote and learn about new properties mainly through word of mouth, followed by internet sites and at times also through travel guides. Horner (2004) acclaims that industries benefit with retained customers as these customers who are loyal are likely to return and promote the goodwill of the industry to others which may bring in future business. Thus, customer satisfaction has benefits as it helps minimize extra costs, enables industry know their repeat customer better, which could help in improving future service. Defining customer satisfaction : Customer satisfaction is based on the involvement of various processes and at times on the customer experience and expectation and this makes it highly complex (Johnston and Clark, 2001). Moreover, customer satisfaction based on components like controllability, emotion, inference, motivation, performance by management or employee or any happening during the service delivery; all of which could work independently or in combination influencing the complex process of satisfaction (Oh and Parks 1997, Bowen 2001, Bowen 2002 and Bowen and Clarke 2002). Being a complex process, it is difficult to pinpoint one single definition and as result, customer satisfaction can be defined in various interpretations (Yuksel and Yuksel, 2001). However, Oh and Parks (1997, p.37) based on critical analysis of customer satisfaction suggested a convincing definition that ‘customer satisfaction may result from a very simple or complex process involving extensive cognitive, affective and other undiscove red psychological and physiological dynamics. People with Disability as Potential Market: People with Disabilities are potential customers for the hospitality sector and catering to this customer base would tend to generate billions in the sector (Arellano 2003). Moreover, senior citizens are likely to experience disability in some form as they age, and tend to coincide with that life stage when they enjoy a retired life having time to travel with surplus disposable income (Fleischer and Pizam, 2002). United Nations, (2007) claims by 2050 universally the number of old age population would double. Thus, disability in some form would also be increasing (Mann, 2005). Groschl (2004) express that as people with disabilities is increasing so is desire to travel, and this awareness has given rise to the need for making travelling and facilities barrier free as hospitality industries in the future would have to depend on this market segment (Glover and Prideaux, 2009). Based on the research conducted by Oztruk, Yayli and Yesiltas (2008), in the hospitality sector in Turkey made i t evident that hotels and travel agents encounter tourist with disabilities and have a positive opinion in the growth of this market segment. Another market that Huh and Singh (2007) express are families with a disabled members too travel on holidays and choose hotels having facilities that are accessible too all members and this market fails to be realized by service providers. Disabled holiday makers may at times travel with their partner or children who could be normal and would prefer to stay in hotel room of their choice not in a predetermined segregated accessible room, however disabled tourist have very little option in rooms selection due to limited available rooms (Clark, 2008). This point out hospitality industry such as hotels rarely gives thought to the motives and expectation of disabled tourist whilst designing. Thus, Gladwell and Bedini (2004) acknowledges that hotel employees failing to deliver appropriate service to disabled tourist are not only the ones affected, but also the service affects the family members or individuals accompanying them. With the introduction of Disability Discrimination Act, work places have accepted employees with disabilities, in addition, media has assisted in the gradual change in ideology, attitude of the society and this has vastly given rise to attempts made in order to understand People with Disabilities as a potential market segments thus becoming a new phenomenon (Burnett and Baker, 2001). People with disabilities being a niche market segment in the hospitality sector, a prime .concern that this market segment faces is accessibility to facilities offered, which plays an important role in destination or accommodation decision making; moreover accessibility is measured differently compared to non disabled tourist (Isareli, 2002). Disability in the U.K. In the U.K. about 10 million disabled people dwell (Office for Disability, 2008). Possessing an estimate annual spending power of 80 billion (Breakthrough-UK, 2009). This might suggest that having realized the economic value of this market, hotels would cater and try to delight disabled customers. However an assessment carried by tourism for all estimates that 2% of hotels are found to be wheelchair accessible, moreover the British Hospitality Association assess that out of the new 10,000 hotel rooms built from 2004 only 1% were wheelchair accessible (Department for culture, media and sport, 2007b). This would make one ponder if very few hotel rooms are accessible only to wheel chair users let alone other disabilities, then it might be possible that the customer service offered to disabled tourist too may not be optimal, satisfying or delightful. According to Employers forum on disability (2009), survey conducted in 100 UK companies revealed 44% offer accessible products, only one- third front line departmental employees take into account the preference and needs of people with disability and only 44% companies accept the fact that their websites are accessible to people with disabilities. Hence with so little done suggest that hotel consider disabled tourist marginal and customer satisfaction might not be of importance. The reason behind this could also be due hospitality industries fear that an increase in disabled tourist could displace the normal core business (Phillips, 2002) Attitude towards people with disability: Darcy (1998) reflects how important is recreation for disabled and senior tourist and their attitude towards tourism, but the outlook towards people with disabilities at hospitality destinations (hotels) are a matter of concern. The attitude of the individuals in society and marketers in industries towards People with Disabilities is likely to be prejudiced and hospitality providers such as hotels aim to just be compliant with the discrimination act, but little attention is given on how the act can help satisfy the lucrative People with Disabilities tourist market (Burnett,1996). Attitude against people with disability as in Asia can also be experienced where disabled members are seen as disgrace and believe that people with disability suffer as a result of the doings in previous life (Parker, 2001). Daruwalla and Darcy (2005) based on study conducted suggests that, the attitude of hotel staff can be changed by organising role play , visual information about various impairments and empowering customer service employees to communicate freely with People with Disabilities would change the mindset, moreover such training could be initiated at hospitality institutions. Kaufman-Scarborough (2001) argues that though the ability and necessities of disabled individuals is addressed, very less attention by hotels is given towards understand their needs and capabilities as consumer. Williams, Rattray and Grimes (2006) suggests organisation must view accessibility as a service beneficial to all members of the society and not just confined to People with Disabilities,, moreover such a service which satisfies all members of society would indeed prove to deliver a competitive edge in the market. According to Israeli (2002) hospitality sectors whilst catering and serving People with Disabilitie s find it difficult to meet their needs since the service hospitable attitudes does not flow genuinely and hence not able to serve them well. This indicates that tourist with disabilities when on holidays at hotels will certainly evaluate every facility differently from the point of accessibility and if the service towards them does not flow naturally this could leave them dissatisfied. Thus if hotels take initiative to make- facilities accessible, training employees adequately in order to service and communicate with disabled tourist appropriately will indeed achieve customer satisfaction and be able to capture a growing profitable loyal market. Barriers and its impact on service: Although this disability market segment, requiring special needs is gradually becoming of importance to the hospitality sector, majority of the hospitality industry do very little and tend to do adjustments just to be compliant with the law (Burnett and Baker, 2001). Besides that hotel managers do nothing more to cater or meet the needs of this niche market and tend to project indifference whilst meeting expectations and wants (Rice, 2006). According to Sen and Mayfield (2004) lodging facilities have numerous limitations when catering to People with Disabilities such as transportation, misplaced wheelchairs, the issue of accessibility to various public facilities, and the incapability of dealing appropriately towards people with different disabilities. People with Disabilities find it difficult to move around freely and perform activities and gestures within normal time as compared to non-disabled people (Daniels, Rodgers and Wiggins, 2005). Hence A prerequisite at hospitality sites to serve this special market segment so that their desires to enjoy leisure, experience facilities and rejuvenate at hospitality sites which are same as non disabled people is requirement of qualified human resource (Oztruk, Yayli and Yesiltas, 2008). Non disabled tourist have better experience than disabled tourist and hence if hotels wish to cater and serve people with disabilities then the barriers faced by people with disabilities such as mobility impaired, visually impaired, mentally impaired must be considered (Thapar et al., 2004). This segment comprises of various challenges that industry may face due to need for special equipments, change in structure, incapability of staff to handle customers (Ray and Ryder, 2003). It is vital that tourist sites that intend to cater to such a lucrative segment must address to special needs and consider barrier removals in order to make facilities accessible and enjoyable (Oztruk, Yayli and Yesiltas, 2008). Which would service not only people with disabilities but others too such as guests carrying heavy luggage or having baby pushchair (Westcott, 2004). Oztruk, Yayli and Yesiltas (2008) do opine that much more needs to be done for this market segment in order to increase the number of tr ips taken by disabled tourist, increasing activities in hotels and vitally hospitality sectors need to be educated on interaction and maintaining positive relationship with disabled tourist. Besides the structural barriers, disabled tourist due to their personality and difference in communication whilst socializing transpire as constraints to have an effective relationship with the society (Daniels, Rodgers and Wiggins, 2005). However, McKercher, Packer, Yau and Lam (2003) underpins that People with Disabilities as tourist are very well capable of establishing relation with people around them. In the tourism industry, service providers, which also include hotels, do little in regards to educating and training their employees in areas of understanding and serving People with Disabilities appropriately (Grady and Ohlin, 2009; McKercher, Packer, Yau and Lam, 2003 and Miller and Kirk, 2002). Lack of communication, knowledge about various impairments and negative prejudice leads to individuals maintaining distant and tend to have a wrong mindset about People with Disabilities. Thus, at times hospitality service providers having a stereotype view of People with Disabilities as sume that a disabled person is incapable of any activities one such example is the assumption that ‘wheelchair chair user is unable to communicate (Daruwalla and Darcy, 2005, p. 552). This suggests that negative attitude and lack of knowledge will indeed put employees in a position not knowing how to react or serve and communicate with disabled tourist. Smith, Austin, and Kennedy (2001) assert that tourist with disabilities when confronted with barriers that mar their movement greatly lowers their leisure satisfaction and tend to avoid such destinations. Through the survey conducted by Grady and Ohlin (2009) it was evident that hospitality managers find it difficult to cater to the needs of People with Disabilities as tourist since hoteliers lack the knowledge of dealing effectively thus meeting needs and expectation. Daniels, Rodgers and Wiggins (2005) state that hotel employees are prone to be underprepared in effectively dealing with People with Disabilities as tourist as they lack information and training in dealing with them. This points out that with such service delivered would certainly not satisfy or delight the tourist. Accessibility and impact on customer satisfaction: People with Disabilities and their quality of life is greatly impacted by recreation and it is vital for such recreational sites to be accessible, since through empirical research it was evident that accessible recreation sites have positive enriching effect on People with Disabilities (Darcy and Daruwalla, 1999 and Ray and Ryder, 2003). Before embarking on a travel journey, in order to be safe and have an enjoyable experience, people with disabilities must judge and decide on various concerns, determine risks by gathering required information and the criterias that influence decision process is more complex than for a non disabled tourist (Yau, McKercher and Packer, 2004). If People with Disabilities as tourist are not provided with necessary accessible information by the hotel or through hotel website, the satisfaction of choosing the hotel may not be experienced and this would restrain the motivation and desire to travel (OConnor and Frew, 2002). This suggests that if initially it self the motivation and desire to travel is not that high, due to lack of information the customer satisfaction could also be at jeopardy. Moreover, despite of risk evaluation People with Disabilities encounter many hurdles whilst they travel and sites that are inaccessible could have an impact on them, spoil their holiday and could even diminish their travel as well as stay experience (Oztruk, Yayli and Yesiltas, 2008). Hotels in particular though claim to be accessible, are in-fact not completely and easily accessible to disable tourist, and hence disabled tourist lack trust on hotels and rely on personal inspection of accessibility (Ray and Ryder 2003). This indicates that people with disabilities would be apprehensive whilst selecting places. Hence Ray and Ryder (2003) suggests that marketers can reach out to People with Disabilities and can be attracted to destinations is by highlighting them in advertisements, which could encourage the selection of destination. Therefore, according to McKercher, Packer, Yau and Lam (2003) people with disabilities unlike non-disabled tourist face barriers that are inherent, economi c, and environmental that hinder participation, interactive barrier- that is due to the attitude of hospitality service providers and non-availability of accessible information. The above-mentioned barriers are ascertained by Clark (2007) based on his life experience he expresses that, holiday for people with disabilities could be miserable. Since often, hotels have few accessible rooms and tend to be occupied by non-disabled people; moreover online hotel reservation websites lack the option for selecting an accessible room and in addition, travel agents charge more for service offered. Thus, Westcott (2004) articulates that people with disabilities tend to be more loyal and would return to those locations, which are accessible, where their needs are catered and make holiday experience memorable. Hence, it is suggested that to better serve People with Disabilities, which would satisfy and delight them it is important that hoteliers understand what within the establishment would prevent disabled tourist to participate in activities (Goodall, Pottinger, Dixon and Russell, 2004). Web site barrier: The advocates of People with Disabilities believe that hotel web sites that fall under the disability discrimination act and must be made accessible, however courts are yet to ensure that (Kreismann and Palmer, 2001 and Sherwyn, Eigen and Klausner, 2000). People with Disabilities such as visually impaired find it difficult to navigate through website (Mills, Han and Clay, 2008). In addition, face way-finding barrier, which can be over come with the help of facilitator (Thapar et al., 2004). This suggests that the satisfaction of visually disabled tourist may not be optimal since hotel websites if not accessible would influence the decision and service experience. Williams, Rattray and Grimes (2007) ascertains that hospitality industry when developing websites rarely take impaired users into consideration and hence few websites can be found that are friendly to visually impaired users. Mills, Han and Clay (2008)says that websites with accessibility barriers pose as a problem and decreases the opportunity of using websites, however websites when made accessible make People with Disabilities independent and can get-into websites for information despite the impairments. Some facilitators that can be used in websites are screen-read softwares that convert text on websites into speech or can also convert text into Braille (OBrien 2005). Web content accessibility must be capable to serve individual in society, which also includes People with Disabilities, however hotel website information accessibility is low and fails to meet the needs of disabled tourist for whom information provided plays an important role in travel decision-making (William, Rattray and Grimes, 2007). Despite this, various hotels fail to make provision for people with disabilities and on inspection by William and Rattray (2005), they discovered that many hotels have their web pages that are not access ible and even if they are, it was found to be compliant only with first level of accessibility addressed by world wide web consortium (W3C). Hence, it is evident that without proper web accessibility and inaccurate information for such a large market of people with disabilities who wish to travel may experience dissatisfaction through the service offered by hotels. Nusair and Kandampully (2008) put forth that service offered through websites that are accessible, helpful and providing desired information greatly affects customer satisfaction positively. To facilitate accessibility to all including disabled tourist the world wide web consortium have developed web content accessibility guidelines, following which, enables access to all(World Wide Web Consortium, 1999.) Apart from facilitators that convert text to speech or Braille which is very convenient for people with disabilities such as blindness, deafness but it is also important to address web accessibility for those have reading difficulty. WebPages commonly use option for changing the text size for accessibility but pay little attention to colour, it is important to note that some users cannot differentiate between colours and options must also be available to view text without colour and colour scheme used must be contrasting enough (World Wide Web Consortium, 1999). These simple guidelines in hotel websites could influence satisfaction, help in decision-making and the people with disabilities as tourist may patronize such hotels. Practically most of the industries universally lose some of their customers to competitors (Devlin, Gwynne and Ennew, 2002). This may be because the competing service provider is likely to meet the customers satisfaction level and expectation. Forsyth (1999) put forth that suppliers tend to cater to specific wants; however, customers commonly wish to do be associated with suppliers and their employees who are creative, honest, responsive, knowledgeable, approachable and cater to all wants and this makes customers see them as professional and tend to switch and maintain relation with such suppliers. Influence of hotel service on customer satisfaction. Customer oriented industries such as hotels place customer at the core whilst evaluating customer satisfaction, however in order to do so is it important to understand the customers needs and expectations which would help maximize satisfaction and maintain competitiveness and profitability ( McMullan, 2005). The study conducted by Danaher and Mattsson (1994) reveals that customer satisfaction in hotels is based on evaluation of various services offered which customers are likely to evaluate them separately and not collectively hence strongly impacting customer satisfaction. According to Forsyth (1999) in hospitality industry such as hotels, customer service is of prime importance to maintain good customer relation and maintain customer satisfaction. Cartwright (2000) argues that delighting a customer is also of importance and can be achieved when product and facilities serve more than expected. Service providers are now realising that delighting customers is more vital since by just satisfying customers and gaining their loyalty though are primary factors whilst satisfying customers cannot be entirely relied on. Disabled customers too travel and wish to enjoy facilities, services and are delighted when all is accessible, hotels need to keep them in mind whilst assessing their services. Shoemaker and Bowen (2003) revealed that in order to delight, maintain loyalty and connection, and gain trust from customers for the organisation it is important that all services and facilities are designed keeping customers into consideration. Based on survey conducted by Wei, Ruys and Muller (1999) concluded that people with disabilities and including senior travellers gave more importance to facilities and service that the hotel offered than other attributes such as dà ©cor, price, food and beverage, when judging the satisfaction they experienced during their stay. Zeitmal and Bitner (2003) explains that in order to achieve customer satisfaction, it is important to maintain quality and standard in every customer service encounter, in-order to do so it is important that employees understand specific requirements and priorities of customers during each service encounter. Findings and Suggestions:. From the literature it is evident that people with disabilities experience a lot of constraints, and have to consider various risks when planning to travel, also they face with limited options during travel selection process (United Nations, 2007). The lodging facilities such as hotels too are few that are able to cater to their needs and treat them as expected (Vignuda, 2001). Thus, often-disabled travellers are forced to select only those hotels that they are aware of, which will cater to their needs, since other hotels fail to treat them as expected and would fail to provide a satisfying experience. It is apparent that gradually in the future hospitality industries such as hotel would have to cater to this growing market and customer satisfaction would be of importance to ensure repeat business and draw such a niche market into hotels. Most of the service providers are reactive and implement installation of ramps or automatic door

Year Round Schooling Speech -- Education

Year Round Schooling Speech Have you ever thought about what life would be like having to go to school year round? Well kids today feel that with all the pressure and work they have during the school year, they need the 3 month break time period in order to regroup themselves and have a change of scenery. Year round schooling in the past few years has become a trend that is sweeping the nation, and I am going to tell you why year round schooling IS NOT a way to send the children of America through school. Not only does year round schooling affect the children of America but, it also affects the parents of students, the personal growth and maturity of the students, and the experiences that each child should encounter in-order to develop their own self. Year round schooling affects the parents of students almost as much as the student themselves. Now, I know you guys are thinking, how does this affect parents when we are the ones actually going to school? Well according to the American School Board Journal, parents "turn thumbs down" to year round schooling. Parents...

War on Drugs: Germany compared to the Netherlands Essay -- Drug Enforc

The War on Drugs One of the key aspects to consider when evaluating domestic political actors preferences towards policies pertaining to illegal drug use in both the Netherlands and Germany is to evaluate their ideological differences. The Netherlands attitude towards drug policy revolves around limiting the negative impacts illegal drug use has on society by implementing laws catered towards decriminalization. On the other hand, Germany considers drugs a detriment to society and promotes legislation that proactively restricts the flow of supply and demand of illegal drugs within the country. Now that both countries ideological differences have been brought to light, we must also consider the origins of those ideas and how they transcended into public policy. One of the significant driving forces behind the shaping of any policy are those political actors who reside in the country. The objective of any political actor is to influence public preference by sponsoring changes in policy. Just like the U nited States, both Germany and the Netherlands have organizations within their own country that promote policies to the public in an attempt to sway their opinion on an issue. The investigation of political actors in Germany and the Netherlands will allow one to obtain a greater understand of why their stance on illegal drug use is the way it is. German policies reflect a hard-line approach on drug enforcement. Non-governmental organizations such as the Jeunesse Anti Drogue promote, â€Å"Stiffer penalties for individuals charged with the sale of illegal drugs within the proximity of a school† (Jeuness Anti Drogue 2005). Many organizations similar to Jeunesse provide a supportive platform for parties such as the National Democratic Party... ..., we are able to better understand why policies differ from country to country. Works Cited 1. German Youth Against Drugs. 2005. Jeuness Anti Drogue.2005. (Accessed February 3, 2012). 2. Netherlands Drugs Policy Foundation. 2009. Stichting Drugsbeleid. (Accessed February 3, 2012). 3. Startseite Der Webseite. 2006. Des Verein Fà ¼r Drogenpolitik (Accessed February 3, 2012). 4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2005. German Non-Governmental Organizations (Accessed February 3, 2012). 5. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2005. Netherlands Non-Governmental Organizations (Accessed February 3, 2012).

Eminem :: essays research papers

For my research paper, I chose to write about Marshall Mathers. I chose to write about him because he is the best young rapper, and I like how he doesn’t care what happens, he just goes with it. He isn’t a very good role model, but he is funny, and couldn’t care less what anybody says about him. He had a rough childhood that reflects to now, and makes great records and songs that describe his life and what has happened during it. Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri. He created his own nickname, Eminem, which is pronounced M&M, from his initials, M.M. Marshall had a harsh and cruel childhood, where he constantly moved between Kansas City and Metro Detroit. When he was a child, he lived with his mother. His mother’s name is Debbie Mathers-Briggs. Eminem has never even seen a picture of his father in his life. Eminem and his mother continued moving and never stayed in one place longer than six months. His mothe r worked very hard and many jobs to provide for herself and Marshall. When Eminem was in school, he used to get beat up every day. There wasn’t one day when he didn’t get beat up by the same group of kids, just for being himself. One day those kids almost killed him, and Eminem went into a coma. The day after he got out of the hospital, they moved again. Eminem continued to move back and forth from his mothers to his grandmothers, until the age of 11, when he and his mother settled in Detroit for good. Marshall first started to get into rap when he was 14. Some of his musical influences growing up were the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, and Run DMC. As Eminem persued his rapping career, he would often hustle radio stations into playing his self-made tapes, to get some publicity over the radio waves. Marshall felt that his rapping career was starting to take off. He was getting some big calls to rap in major places and he thought everyone has started to love him. Soon, he fou nd the love of his life, Kim. They had a baby girl together, named Hailie Jade, on December 25, 1995. Eminem decided to release his first full-length album in 1996 called Infinite. It was somewhat of an experimental thing, but the record did not sell any copies.

Rising Immigration Rate of Canada

Immigrants make up a considerable proportion of the Canadian population. At the time of the 1991 Census, there were 4. 3 million immigrants living in Canada, which is 16% of the total Canadian population. (See Graph 1, Immigrants as a Percentage of Canada's Population, 1901-1996) Over the past decades the level of immigration in Canada has increased from an average of 137 000 immigrants arriving in Canada in the 1960s to an average of about 200 000 in 1998. See Table1, Annual Immigration Plan 1998) The largest share of immigrants admitted into Canada are in the economic class, in 1994, close to half of the new immigrants coming to Canada were economic class immigrants. Immigration is needed to maintain the Canadian population; â€Å"Canada will be an aging society with such a low birth rate that it will soon be unable to sustain its population without sustained immigration. † Immigrants are a source of labour to the Canadian economy; immigrants are as likely as people born in Canada to be employed, and many are skilled workers that the Canadian economy is in need of. Business class, investor and entrepreneur immigrant help to provide job opportunities in the economy, and also generate more economic activities and income for the Canadian economy. â€Å"Analysis of data from the household/family file of the 1981 Canadian Census of Population reveals that, regardless of origin, immigrants benefit the Canadian-born population through the public treasury. † Immigrants are an aid to the Canadian economy as a result of its ability to sustain the aging population, to provide labour, and job opportunities. Firstly, Canada, like other rich countries of the world, will become an aging society with such a low birth rate; Canada will soon be unable to maintain its population without taking in immigrants. The low birth rate will soon lead to a shortage of future workers for the labour force. As we enter into the twenty-first century, there will be more older people requiring pensions, and in need of extra health care, but there will not be enough young workers entering the job market to support these needs. The fertility rate in Canada is roughly 1. 66, which is below the replacement rate of 2. and less than half the fertility rate of 3. 63 during the baby boom. Despite the number of children is currently growing because the large number of baby boomers are having children, â€Å"this so-called echo effect will have run its course by the early part of the next century so that, in the absence of much higher immigration, Canada's population will begin to decline. † According to Statistics Canada, the Canadian population will stabilize at 31 million in 2026 if the fertility rate of 1. 66 is maintained and 140 000 immigrants are accepted per year, and it will then begin to decline. If the rate of immigration is raised to 200 000 per year, the population will stabilize in 2035, at 34 million, before it begins to decline. The immigrant population is older, on average, than the Canadian-born population because immigrants tend to arrive in their prime working years. Also, it must be noted that children born to immigrants are included in the Canadian-born population rather than the immigrant population. Secondly, of all immigrants accepted into Canada, close to 50% are in the economic class consisting of business immigrants and skilled workers. See Table 2, Immigration Levels, 1998 Canada, Quebec* and Other Provinces) Most immigrants tend to arrive in their prime working years. Immigrants living in Canada are more likely than people born in Canada to have a university degree, in 1991, 14% of immigrants aged 15 and over had a university degree, while only 11% of people born in Canada had a university degree. Immigrants with post-secondary qualifications are more likely than those born in Canada with post-secondary qualifications to be graduates of professional programs in engineering, mathematics, and applied science. See Graph 2, Economic Category Persons Admitted, 1994-1996) For example, in 1991, 17% of immigrant men were graduates of these programs, where there were only 9% of Canadian-born men were graduates of these programs. Immigrants are also more likely than people born in Canada to have full-time, full-year jobs. In 1991, 63% of employed immigrant men and 50% of employed immigrant women worked at full-time, full-year jobs, compared to 59% of Canadian-born men, and 45% of Canadian-born women. According to Employment and Immigration Canada, in 1989-95 the fastest growing occupations include computer programmers and system analysts, data processing equipment operators, and technical salespersons, as well as occupations in health care. But fact is that Canada does not have enough skilled workers to work in these fields, therefore Canada must import workers skilled in these fields, and immigration is the best way to import these workers. There is a higher percentage of immigrant men working in professional or management occupations then Canadian-born men. In 1991, 32% of immigrant men worked in these fields, while only 27% of Canadian-born men worked in these fields. (See Table 4, Comparison of Employment between Immigrant and Canadian-Born Workers) Canada, like other industrial countries will be facing a shortage in skilled workers; Canada will have to open its borders to increased immigration by foreign workers, especially workers with education and skills. â€Å"In fact, industrial countries could find themselves competing for certain types of foreign workers. â€Å"

Plato’s View of Justice in the Republic Essay

Having lived an extraordinarily long breeding (for his time), with no decennaryacious doctrine of popular opinion, it has go bad customary to split up Platos writings chronologic totallyy into common chord periods, Early, Middle and Late. The nation, a collection of ten harbours, is thought to drive home been written afterwards Phaedo during the middle-period of Platos life-time. It is during this period that Platos philosophical system becomes his protest rather than a comment on Socrates judgements and manifestations.It is important to remember that Platos time was an age of constant paroxysm and it is this air of upheaval and constant diversify that led him to contr incite on his societies failings and to tack forward a structured hunting lodge that puts his side of vertical nowice into pr executionice.The main theme of The Republic is to define jurist and former(a) virtues and to put forward an idea for a Utopian urban center- realm based on his belief s on andice and virtue to show up how these ideals could be apply.The text takes the form of a dramatised chat between certain characters of differing backgrounds and beliefs. The put on of a dramatised take is a wasting distemperful itinerary to demonstrate the way Plato (whose ideas be re yield by the character of Socrates) would handle his sceptics. It excessively serves to show the development of his thought with discussion and to sceptic-proof his assembly line by fore enamouring potential drop counter arguments.Plato loots demonstrating his definition by pickings some ordinary conceptions of what fairice promoter and whether it is better to live a in effect(p) life.In book unrivaledness the debate starts with a verbalisement made by Cephalus, an old, retired self-made manufacturer. Cephalus puts forward the assure that as tribe grow older they become more aw be of religious t separatelyings regarding vengeance in the afterlife for supporting an fo ul life and on that pointfore monitor theyre involve got behaviour, in the past and presentAnd when he finds that the sum of his transgressions is great he give m both a time identical a child start up in his sleep for fear, and he is filled with dark forebodings.He is saying that idea of legal expert is something that is merely a doctrine enforced by the unproved premise of damnation. If fear of an unproven afterlife is the reasoning for lively a good life and then the argument for referee is weak and reliant on guile faith. If an single does not believe in Hades or Hell then what stops him from acting un undecomposedly? act on Cephalus states Wealth basis do a lot to save from having to have it away or deceive some star against our lead and from having to depart for that separate place in fear because we owe a open to a god or specie to a person. By this Cephalus path that by having ample wealth he never had the need to be unjust to any integrity. He could af ford to appease the Gods with return and to keep his debts paid. This first presented translation of arbiter is flawed. Socrates gives the interest example to prove this job that a friend when in his discipline mind has deposited arms with me and he asks for them when he is not in his right mind, ought I to give them back to him? No one would say that I ought or that I should be right in doing so, any more than they would say that I ought everlastingly to speak the truth to one who is in his condition.Socrates, by Cephaluss definition just living, was acting in a just way when he returned weapons to a maniacal friend (paying his debts). The fresh solar day homogeneous of this scenario is the United Nations returning a antecedently confiscated nuclear weapon to an insane and potentially violent state in in full knowledge that it pass on be apply to wreak havoc ( immorality). This demonstrates that Cephaluss popular description of legal expert is weak and potentially unj ustLater in book 1, When Socrates criticizes Polemarchus idea that man should spite his enemies, Thrasymachus puts his view forward Since the established endure is sure stronger, anyone who reasons correctly entrust discontinue that the just is the same every(prenominal)where, namely the advantage of thestronger . apply this idea Thrasymachus has decl ard that rightness is the save of the strong and the right way. Justice is whatever the compelling dictate to the masses. He then goes on to state that it is the duty of the poor to draw near up and take what they can from the rich. Socrates refutes all these ideas. He believes that the poor should accept the current legal expert that is imposed on them by the government. This is an idea that is crucial to the utopia he will later describe.Thrasymachus demonstrates a sophistic belief that in umpire is more meshable to the single(a) than judge. By restating his belief that only the powerful have control over justice and successfully canvassing for a general consensus that rulers are fallible he shows that justice (as administered by the powerful) is harmful to the one who obeys and serves . This in itself makes a certain degree of reek since in our own current generation we consistently see examples of justice (as administered by the powerful) be non-beneficial to the weak and subservient. The most recently highlighted example would be the recent focus on Taliban-governed Afghanistan. Justice to the population of a Taliban controlled region meant harsh punishments and draconian, puritanical laws. This is what by European standards would be called unjust. If Thrasymachus had stopped his argument at this point then he would have contributed an important element to the definition of justice that we assume in our use of the word today, that which is morally correct.However as Thrasymachus is from a sophistic background (i.e. t all(prenominal)er of economics and rhetoric with especially capitalis tic, gather driven motivations) he continues into a less(prenominal) popular (by modern standards) potential importation of his argument, injury is more juicy than justice. through with(predicate) clever debate and reasoning with Thrasymachus, Plato (through his rima oris character, Socrates) arises at the following conclusionApparently, then, injustice has the power, first, to make whatever it arises in-whether it is a city, a family, an army, or anything else-incapable of achieving anything as a unit, because of urbane wars and differences itcreates, and second, it makes that unit an antagonist to itself and to what is in every way its opposite, namely justice.This statement shows the casuists argument to be a contradiction. It is impossible for a belief to be pro garmentable if it simply leads to dissent amongst the parties pursuit profit. It is impossible for injustice to serve anyone if it is an enemy to itself. Plato points out that for a collective of idiosyncratics to act out injustice and all profit from the act there moldiness(prenominal) in the beginning be some sort of justice present to prevent them all betraying each other, an honour amongst thieves of sorts. The argument for injustice does not end with book one and returns curtly early in book ii. At the end of book one Plato is no longer refuting suggestions on the nature of justice and is no speaking in a pro-active, positive manner. He begins to start to conformation his own ideas of justice. He believes justice to be more profitable than injustice describing the relation like so a just person is blessed and an unjust one is wretched . This conclusion is reached in the earlier lines when Thrasymachus to agrees that justice is a virtue of the instinctfulness and therefore that a thought cannot bring about well if its crabby virtue is faulty. at that place is another important argument that Plato addresses in book two, where Glaucon, the youth, returns to Thrasymachuss a rgument with an amendment. Glaucon asserts that it is profitable for the individual to pretend to be just but live their life in an unjust manner. The idea behind this be that the individual can appear to have the virtue of justice to others without having to be weighed down(p) with the responsibilities and constraints of living a just life. To hear all of these arguments and how they are presented would take umteen theses and, although relevant to this essay topic, I must move on to Platos own decisions of what justice is and their implementation in his polis cod to property and time constraints.Plato has argued that living rightly is much more superior to living unjustly because justice breeds happiness and contentment. The neighboring step for Plato, to state and demonstrate his own positive views on justice and why it is profitable, is to describe a city-state, a polis, which is an ideal Utopia where all citizens live in harmonious eudemonia. By using the populace ofthe state he will show how justice can be implemented in the individual.Plato believes in the immortality of the soul (a outcome of nous ) and its division into three separate, which in turn are affected by marking powers. The three parts of the soul are the spiritual, sacred to the devotion of honour, the lucid, dedicated to reason and logical thought and the appetitive, the underlying appetites of the kind-hearted soul such as sex, acquisitions, p sex etc. which must be controlled. This is a fiercely rational and, I would argue, flawed break down of the human character. It takes no account for the wound up saying of mankind and it is this inhuman and extremely rational view of humanity that would lead to the adjacent failure of the polis if it wherever established delinquent to some of the constraints placed on the citizens of the polis as will be seen later on. The virtues (aretai) of the soul that Plato describes in book four are soundness (sophia), courage (andreia), t emperance (sophrosyne) and justice (dikaiosyne). It is this idea of the soul that Plato will use in to socially structure the polis . The endeavor of this city is to make the soul is happy because all three parts of it are moderated, doing their own jobs and nothing else. This relates to Platos view of justice in the following manner. To Plato justice and injustice where to the body what health and disease are in the body.This is a picturesque analogy and is very similar to raw material facets of Chinese medicine were disturbance in the mind is viewed as a polar cause for ill physical health, one wonders were oriental factors an influence on Plato or crime versa at this time. This correlation of Hellenic Greek and ancient Chinese acquaintance is especially apparent in 444d of The Republic when Health is defined as the organic law of an order by nature among the parts of the body disease as a disturbance of the cancel order of rule and subordination among the parts (444d) . Th is reading of Plato by Voeglin makes more sense in the mise en scene of the polis, as the disease of injustice is the broker of peoples and the cause of discontent in society. The polis must be designed in such away that contentment is valued at a premium and corruption and vice made unnecessary and irrelevant.This has parallels with the medieval belief in The commodious Chain Of Being. The Great Chain Of Being was a description of the quietus of power and congruity in the world that probably was inspired by Augustinian and Platonic thought. At thetop of the ambit was God who was colligate to the King who was linked to his Aristocracy. If any part of a the drawstring was broken then the natural order of the world was disrupted. An example of how this was believed to manifest would be the mysterious change of calm stand to storms and supernatural natural events in Shakespeares Macbeth following the usurping of Duncan. By usurping the legitimate ruler the grasp was broken an d chaos and disorder in the natural world ensued. Such is the occurrence of injustice in the Polis that the natural harmony will fall apart.I will now summarise the structure of the polis and hopefully answer how the clear-cutive roles of State and the individual maintain a just society. The state is divided into three distinguishes, a maker class, a guardian (military/ practice of law) class and a reigning class. Later, Plato creates a new ruling class out of the guardians and calls the military/police class auxiliaries and this new ruling class guardians. The main point of this is to have each class fulfilling a need in the city and not usurping any other person/classes role. Again there are similarities with the great set up of being. allbody minds their own profession and keeps to the plan and eudemonia will be intact. The city is based on various natural needs and recognises that harmony starts with the satisfying of life requirements. This idea is a nearly to a throw ba ck to Cephalus who does not act in an unjust way because he wants for nothing.The development of a citizen starts with education. Students are thought a wide range of put downs from the schoolman to physical. Children are taught philosophy so that there will be established deep down them, as in a polis, a politea . In other words they will have the same balanced intuition and discipline governing their souls in life with the eudemonia of the state as a living example for the individual. The education also pertinacious what class and profession the child would fit into. Classes could be transcended as children showed an aptitude for divers(prenominal) and subjects abilities. Once an individual was placed in his/her class they remained in it for the duration of their lives. This has distinct parallels with the education system of Ireland were an aptitude in school for the academic can raise points for a place in a college that would further train you for a redact of relativelym ore power than the maker class. The most apt at philosophy and reason were sidelined for the upper two classes and had their education furthered accordingly.This begs the question of what would happen if the polis were ravaged and all the ruling class slain. How could the polis recover from such an event if the lower classes are conditioned and brain-washed into believing that all they can ever be or do is be the sheep at the bottom of the chain of command?Procreation was also a stage-mannered affair. Parents deemed fit to marry (or mate) were coupled onward by what they believed to be random selection. In fact, the couples were selected for their eugenic qualities and paired off like horses on a stud.Children are interpreted from their parents at blood line. The knowledge of their parents identity is never revealed to them nor is the childs identity revealed to their parents. This anonymity was meant to promote par between young and older generations. The child, being in full knowledge that it is from a foster family, would not be subject to family pride and would have no particular loyalties to any family as its siblings and parents would be unknown. Every elder could be communicate as father or mother as every peer could be addressed as brother or sister. With no bias towards any particular individual the harmony of the polis is further maintained.As mentioned earlier, Platos great failure from a modern standpoint is his inability to account for emotional tantrums in the polis. The idea of splitting families was ill-fated to failure in that likenesses between siblings and parents would be impossible to disguise and some people could find out their relatives in this way. However, it could be argued that the psychological effect of not cognize ones natural family could be a dead mail after generations of people living in this way. The eugenic selection of partners makes a sense of sorts as families with undesirable inherited characteristics could b e prevented from passing them on and those with desirable ones could be encouraged to mate. This is reminiscent of a quasi-nazi linguistic rule for the Aryan race of Third Reich. If one looks closerone can see Plato using injustice to keep justice by lying about the random selection of couples.Due to the constraints of time and space I will have to conclude at this point by summarising the above. Plato infixedly defines justice in the state as the three classes staying strictly to their individual roles in order to maintain a balance of responsibilities for the greater good of all. The state does this by ruling of over every aspect of an individuals life from birth and plotting their destiny with the greater good of the polis to mind. It does this through education, censorship and rigorous controls. Only those with a high knowledge of wisdom (philosophy) are fit to rule as they have enough knowledge to know that justice is best for all as it is an essential virtue of the soul (di kaiosyne). Injustice is considered ignorance, as someone with a lot of wisdom could not possibly see injustice as profitable to anyone.The justice in the soul is described as the virtues (aretai) exacting the appetitive parts of the soul.In this mail world war two and office staff Brave New World time, it is mild to take The Republic as a strange Nazi/Taliban-esque tyrannical state on a first glance. As a state the polis would most emphatically have failed. As macrocosm for justice in the individual it is unsurpassed. Its influence to this day was evident recently when it was voted best philosophical work ever by readers of the sack up page http//www.philosophers.co.uk. Whilst it has certain ideas that maybe questioned against the standards of modern western Europeans, it will certainly set aside insight and debate on many philosophical issues for many years.